
はじめに
気候変動の影響が顕著になりつつある中、持続可能な環境への転換が求められています。特に建築業界は、温室効果ガス(GHG)排出の主要な要因の一つであり、持続可能な建築設計とエネルギー効率の向上が急務です。本研究は、モロッコの暑く半乾燥な気候地域におけるゼロカーボン住宅のライフサイクルにおけるCO2排出量を評価し、従来の建築材料と比較して環境に与える影響を明らかにします。
研究の概要
ゼロカーボン建築の定義
ゼロカーボン建築(ZCB)は、建設から運用、廃棄に至るまでの全ライフサイクルにおけるCO2排出量を最小限に抑える建築物を指します。本研究では、50年間のライフサイクルを持つソーラーパワーを利用したゼロカーボン住宅を対象としています。この住宅は、炭素フリーのアドビレンガを使用して建設されており、モロッコの暑く半乾燥な気候に適応しています。
評価手法
ライフサイクルアセスメント(LCA)を用いて、建築物のエネルギー消費と環境影響を評価しました。評価は、製品段階(A1-3)と運用段階(B6)に焦点を当て、ゼロカーボン住宅の全体的なCO2排出量を算出しました。
結果と考察
CO2排出量の評価
ゼロカーボン住宅のライフサイクルにおけるCO2排出量は、年間48.62 kg CO2eq/m²となりました。運用段階が全体の93%を占め、残りの7%が製品段階における排出量です。特に、従来の建築材料を使用した場合、製品段階の炭素排出量は6.3 kg CO2eq/m².yとなり、エコフレンドリーな建築と比較して85%高い結果となりました。
エコフレンドリーな建材の効果
この住宅では、炭素フリーのアドビレンガとシーダー材を主な建材として使用しています。これにより、建設段階での炭素排出量を大幅に削減することができました。また、年間の運用および製品段階のCO2排出量は、建物に設置された3.3 kWの太陽光発電システムによって相殺されています。
従来の建築材料との比較
従来の建築材料を使用した場合、製品段階の炭素排出量は約12.5%を占め、エコフレンドリーな建築と比較して大幅に高い結果となりました。さらに、従来の建材を使用した建築物のエネルギー効率は改善されるものの、追加の炭素排出量を補うには不十分であることが分かりました。
結論
本研究は、モロッコにおけるゼロカーボン建築の有効性を示し、エネルギー効率の高い建築設計と持続可能な建材の使用が環境への負荷を大幅に軽減することを証明しました。さらに、現地で利用可能な低炭素材料とパッシブデザインの重要性を強調し、ゼロカーボン都市の実現に向けた一歩を示しています。
論文の引用と著者
この研究は以下の著者によって執筆されました:
- Samir Idrissi Kaitouni
- Fatime-Zohra Gargab
- Ahmed Tabit
- Mustapha Mabrouki
- Nouzha Lamdouar
- Abdelmajid Jamil
- Mohamed Ahachad
論文の詳細は以下の通りです:
- タイトル:A life cycle carbon dioxide equivalent emissions assessment of zero carbon building in hot semi-arid climate region: case study
- ジャーナル:Results in Engineering
- DOI:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rineng.2024.102589

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